.: Scientific Highlight of the Year

	Stress, individual differences, and norepinephrine in prediction of mouse behavior using reinforcement learning
	Many behavioral modeling studies to date have focused on explaining computational mechanisms that produce specific behaviors, or relating activations of neurons and neuromodulatory systems to... [more]
	A Key Role for interhemispheric connections in cortical Plasticity
	Brain circuits are immature at birth and gradually shaped by experience. The critical period (CP) is a phase in early life during which experience is particularly effective in... [more]
	Pericyte contraction induced by oxidative-nitrative stress impairs capillary reflow despite successful opening of an occluded cerebral artery
	Although it has been classically thought that recanalization of an occluded artery would be sufficient to establish flow into an ischemic area, it is known for quite some time that, in the setting... [more]
	Interleukin-1alpha has antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities in a rat neuropathis pain model
	What is the role of IL-1 in nociception under neuropathic pain conditions? Longstanding neuropathic pain is one of the most challenging medical problems, because it's therapy is resistant... [more]
	Prefrontal cortex AMPA receptor plasticity is crucial for cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking
	In human addicts, environmental stimuli such as paraphernalia associated with drug-taking become over time associated with the drugs' rewarding effects. This associative learning process shares... [more]
	Surface Mobility of Postsynaptic AMPARs Tunes Synaptic Transmission
	It has long been thought that neurotransmitter receptors were static, "locked" in the membrane of neurons. However, the receptors move very quickly. This paper shows that the receptor mobility... [more]
	Influense of Stimulation of Substantia Nigra and Nucleus Caudatus on Postsynaptic Responses of Cortical Nociceptive Neurons (in Russian)
	The activity of the nociceptive system-related cortical neurons, similarly to the activity of neurons of other cerebral systems, is subjected, to modulatory influences coming from a few... [more]
	Two streams of attention dependent beta activity in the striate recipient zone of cat's lateral posterior - pulvinar complex
	The scope: Visual information processing requires synchronous activation of a specific set of several cortical areas. It is generally... [more]
	Differential distribution of NCX1 contributes to spine-dendrite compartmentalization in CA1 pyramidal cells
	The distribution of calcium in dendritic compartments of neurons is thought to be crucial in regulating postsynaptic function. The compartmentalized distribution of calcium offers the basis for... [more]
	Rapid synthesis and synaptic insertion of GluR2 for mGluR-LTD in the ventral tegmental area
	A leading hypothesis considers addiction as a pathological form of learning and memory (Hyman at al., 2006). This is in part rooted in the observation that addictive drugs trigger synaptic... [more]
	A voice region in the monkey brain
	Whose voice is that? Evolutionarily conserved voice-recognition regions in the brains of primates. How does the brain recognize voices? Scientists at... [more]
	Reestablishment of damaged adult motor pathways by grafted embryonic cortical neurons
	Reparing the damaged brain Loss of cortical neurons may lead to sever and sometimes irreversible deficits in motor function in a number of neuropathological... [more]
	Rescue of neurological deficits in a mouse model for Angelman syndrome by reduction of alphaCaMKII inhibitory phosphorylation
	What is Angelman Syndrome? Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a severe neurological disorder affecting 1:15.000 children and is characterized by mental retardation, motor... [more]
	Astrocytes potentiate transmitter release at single hippocampal synapses
	This study has changed the classical concept of synaptic physiology and plasticity, demonstrating that astrocytes control the function of single synapses. Furthermore, it extends the classical... [more]